On November 19, 1863, after waiting for nearly two hours for the speaker before him to finish, President Abraham Lincoln took to the podium. It was a crisp, sunny autumn day in central Pennsylvania, and war had clearly shifted in favor of the Union. Victories a few months prior on the very grounds he stood as well as Vicksburg, had crushed the South and proved to be the psychological and military turning points of the great Civil War. But there was still significant work to be done.